Cover Ideas

I have been playing with cover ideas for Intense Seeing. Here is my latest effort.

The eye is re-drawn from an Isaac Newton book on Optics (Optice, sive, De reflexionibus, refractionibus, inflexionibus et coloribus lucis : libri tres. - Londini: Impensis S. Smith & B. Walford, 1706. - getr. Zählung : 15 Falttafeln). Which is available on the Max-Planck Institute for the History of Science.  

I broke the lines down into dithered points - so that from a distance it looks like a line and close up its a set of grey dosts.

Extended focus Macro-images

The photographer John Hallmen has a superb set of images of insects taken with a very high magnification macro photography set up.  He has a full set on Flickr and his own site HERE.  One of his specialities is very nicely composed extended focus images created from registered stacks of 30 images - sort of 'Macro-Confocal' imaging.  Below is a lo-res image of his of a compound eye (Copyright J. Hallmen).

Daniel Danger -from 2D - 3D

Here is Daniel Dangers first 3D art toy created from one of his sketches (More HERE).

The World through a Pinhole

I am currently putting together a piece that links the optical work of Christoph Scheiner (1573-1650), the invention by Marvin Minsky in 1957 of the confocal microscope, pinhole camera art, my own confocal images of shaving foam and structured light microscopy. The common theme is looking through a pinhole. 


First a lovely pinhole image byChristian Poncet (examples Here) -

 

And also my own confocal microscopy images through a fluorescently labelled shaving foam - as a function of time.

The Pacific Littoral explored by Ed Ricketts

Remarkably, without any University research funds or endowments, Ed Ricketts was able to succesfully use his observational powers and collecting ability to not only pursue his own ambitious research programme in marine biology, but also to run a small marine specimen supply company in Monterey called Pacific Biological Labs. The research programme that Ricketts set out for himself had an incredibly ambitious agenda. He had in mind an encyclopaedic study of the Pacific littoral; the zone which stretches from the high water mark, that is only occasionally submerged, to the portions of the shoreline that are permanently submerged even at low tide. This was a vast undertaking. The Pacific coast stretches thousands of kilometres; from the far south of Chile, through Latin and Central America, the length of the continental USA and Canada up to the far north-west - Alaska and the Aleutians. 

The figure  shows the Pacific coast of the mainland of North America over which Ed Ricketts ranged during his life. He wrote, or co-wrote, three books that described his explorations and observations across this vast space. Of these books, two had been published at the time of his premature death in 1948 and the third was in typescript form. At the time of his death he had been planning how to use the books as the basic material for a definitive treatise on Pacific coast marine biology. The three books are a fascinating blend of his fundamentally ecological view of nature, holistic philosophical views, his observations on the littoral ecology of the Pacific coast and a huge volume of very detailed and dedicated collecting notes derived from hours spent in the tidepools and shorelines that he loved so much.

Figure.

The Pacific coast of North America explored by Ed Ricketts. In the far North-West is Juneau in Alaska and in the South-East La Paz in Mexico. This coastal interface between the continental mass of North america and the Pacific is  over 8,000 kilometres.  A line from San Francisco to Seattle is roughly North. The political borders between the USA, Canada and Mexico have been removed to emphasise the geographical and ecological continuity of this coast.

Map re-drawn by M.G. Reed from public domain mapping included on the US National Atlas website. [This illustration copyright M.G. Reed 2010].

Hairballs aren't best

Linear Layout for Visualization of Networks

by

Martin Krzywinski, Genome Sciences Center, Vancouver, BC.

 HERE is a website with images, explanations and software for a new visualisation methodology for large and complex networks. 

Hembakat är Bäst

Ikea have a new FREE baking book out - Home baked is best. It is free in Swedish IKEA stores - but you can see the pictures on their site.

The Geometry of Pasta

The fundamental dilemma of magnification.

Even low power magnification can be a really useful technique for intense seeing.  Magnification reveals to our naked eye new levels of detail of an object or scene.  A simple example of magnification is shown in the Figure below.  Here a low power magnifying glass (2 x) shows part of the surface of a page of text, at a higher magnification than we could see otherwise. 

However, as a simple consequence of the design of the magnifying glass only the region of the text that is seen through the magnifying glass is at higher magnification.  The physical edge of the magnifier therefore limits our view of the complete object. We see more clearly in the higher magnification observation window, but in total we see less of the text.

The single fundamental act of using a magnifiying glass therefore introduces two separate consequences; [1] New insight and resolution within the observation window [2] an artificial observation window that represents a geometrical sampling of the whole object.


This is the fundamental dilemma of magnification.

Note that this dilemma  is also true, but perhaps less obviously,  for all practical optical instruments, such as cameras, microscopes and telescopes. By design they all have to impose an artificially limited observation window on the magnified view of the object or scene.

The choices we make to try and deal with this dilemma are at the heart  of the artistic and scientific techniques that rely on magnification or focusing of any sort.

Understanding Comics

Here is a typically funny and smart panel from Scott McCloud. Inspired historian and theorist of comics - see his book Understanding Comics.

Voyage of the Space Beagle

This is a novel by A.E. Van Vogt, first published in 1950 (an amalgam of four short stories that Van Vogt had originally published between 1939 and 1950).  The protagonist a  Dr. Grosvenor is the first graduate of the Nexial Institute.  Grosvenor has been trained in integrated science and thought and was able to see the connection between many aspects of a problem that other specialists could not see because of their narrow training.  

Nexialist: One skilled in the science of joining together in an orderly fashion the knowledge of one field of learning with that of other fields.

 The cover of the 1950 original edition of Voyage of the Space Beagle (Simon & Schuster). From a collection HERE of cover art from numerous international editions.

William Hazlitt - "On Familiar Style"

Here is a piece by William Hazlitt (1778--1830) on writing style - an essayist about whom  Somerset Maugham had this to say;

If art is nature seen through the medium of a personality, 'Hazlitt is a great artist.'

The Gentleman In The Parlour.

Hazlitt was one of the most prolific of English prose writers, his collected works run to 20 volumes and total about 8,000 pages,  the Hazlitt Society was formed to resurrect his memory.

William Hazlitt  was not just a writer, he was blessed with a keen insight which he developed and exploited in multiple ways; he was a poet, painter, essayist, historian and critic. In addition to these accomplishments he was an intensely social man, he counted amongst his friends some of the most important poets and writers of his time; Coleridge, Wordsworth, Stendhal and Shelley. Even everyday diversions, when subjected to his scrutiny, became an opportunity to show-off his acute insight - one of his most famous essays describes a fight in December 1821 between the prizefighters William Neate and Thomas Hickman (The Fight. New Monthly Magazine, February, 1822).

A portrait of the writer Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt.

Opera Historica & Intense Seeing

Here is a comparison between the page and textblock proportions of Intense Seeing and the Opera historica et philologica published in 1682 by Marcus Welser - and shown in an earlier posting.


The textblock proportions are almost identical - about 2:1 [H:W] and the ratios of Page Height: Textblock Height are again almost spot on the same at 6:5 [Page H: Text Block H].  The page width of Intense Seeing is a bit wider but allowing for loss due to binding this will end up about the same. 


Note that the absolute dimensions are quite different - the physical size of Opera Historica  is 325 x 202 mm and the Intense Seeing page size is 248 x 171 mm (Pinched Crown Quarto).

Unbiased Stereology Page Spread

This year we have typeset and reprinted Unbiased Stereology using a short run digital printing set up from MPG Biddles. Here is a typical page spread, all typeset in LaTeX using the Adobe Utopia font and the memoir package. 

 

Frankenstein Book cover

Here is a nice book cover re-design for Frankenstein by Danish designer Julian Hansen. 

The Java Scriptorium

The Java Scriptorium is an interactive 3d animation on the theme of desert wandering and the representation of the concept of sanctuary. The text, which plays a central role in this work is based on passages from the Bible and from the sectarian body of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Here is an example;

Joseph Prichard.com

Here is a Trinité Type Specimen from Josephprichard.com that is also an essay about the Ramones!

The images are shown in a small multiple below.

Picturing to Learn

Picturing to Learn is a US based initiative that aims to work with science students on the basic premise; 

undergraduate students can clarify their own understanding of scientific concepts and processes by creating drawings that explain these concepts to non-experts.

The project is part of the Envisioning Science Program at Harvard University. 

 The example below was generated in response to this challenge - "Create a freehand drawing to explain to a high school senior how the motions of large and small particles suspended in a fluid are affected by an increase in temperature of the fluid."

 

US Cold War map - LOOK magazine Sept 1952

Damp Flat Books - Brighton

Here is the site of art book publishers Damp Flat Books - for example How to Running a Secret Society below.

Heart Urchin - Julia McKenzie

‘Heart Urchin’ is a print by Julia Mckenzie selected for the Pushing Print 2010 exhibition  starting on October the 9th at the Pie factory in Margate. She found the heart urchin on Whistable beach just down the road from Margate.

Paul Catherall OXO building Linocut series

And HERE is a set of limited edition OXO building and other London inspired linocuts by Paul Catherall.

Paul Catherall Linocut

The Cecil Higgins Art Gallery & Bedford Museum have a R100 & R101: Airships at Cardington exhibition - they commissioned an exclusive artwork from print maker Paul Catherall. Below.

The histological slides and drawings of Cajal

From Wikipedia.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852 – 1934) was a Spanish histologist, psychologist, and Nobel laureate. His pioneering investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain were original: he is considered by many to be the father of modern neuroscience. He was skilled at drawing, and hundreds of his illustrations of brain cells are still used for educational purposes today.

This PAPER is a catalogue of his drawings and slides.  In it the authors quote Cajal on how he did his  drawings;

“The camera lucida, even when one is accustumed to its use through much practise, is only useful to fi x the contour of the principal objects: any labour of detail must be done without the aid of that instrument,
which  has,  in  addition,  the  inconvenience  of  dazzling  the  delicate details….Reproduction  by  freehand  drawing  is  the  best  procedure when  one  has  some  habit  and  liking  for  artistic  painting”. 

An example below - a drawing of Purkinje cells (A) and granule cells (B) from pigeon cerebellum by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1899. Instituto Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

The Selected Works of T. S. Spivet - Reif Larsen

Mouse, Macaque and Man

Here is a great visual, unfortunately without a scale bar, in which the brain of the mouse, macaque monkey and man are compared - roughly to scale.  The paper it is taken from is Evolution of the neocortex: Perspective from developmental biology by Pasko Rakic - HERE.

How maths was typeset before LaTeX

Here is an example of what used to be required to typeset a page of complex mathematics before computer based typesetting, and TEX and LaTEX in particular, were invented.  

From  T W Chaundy, P R Barrett, and Charles Batey. The printing of mathematics. London: Oxford University Press (1954) p. 4   

Cited in Three typefaces for mathematics. The development of Times 4-line Mathematics Series 569, AMS Euler, and Cambria Math by Daniel Rhatigan. (Which you can get HERE)

Fraser Island Photo-piece

In the latest National Geographic a piece on Fraser Island - one of my favourite spots in Australia.

Keenan book-cover designs

Here is the website of Keenan design.

Below is a collection of covers they did for Penguin. 

Speaking to the Past

Here is a 75th Anniversary of Penguin book project. Inspired by this here is an Intense Seeing Penguin mock up.

The Crystal Goblet

The Crystal Goblet by Beatrice Warde. Set in MinionPro using LaTeX. 

Process of Printing Wood Engraving, 1956

Process of Printing Wood Engraving (Mokuhan Suritate Junjo), Kyoto, distributed The Red lantern Shop, Kyoto, 8vo (6 7/8 x 9 3/4 in - 17.5 x 24.7 cm), not dated but believed to be ca 1956. From HERE.

FIGURE

The ten small image pairs to the left show the ten steps required to make the finished print on the right. Each small panel shows a pair of images for each additional colour that has been added (the one to the left of the pair shows the blobs of colour, the one to the right the cumulative effect). 

An original Manga

Hokusai is not only famous for his views of Mount Fuji - but also his books of comic images - or manga. Here is an example. 

Zapf's Manuale Typographicum - 1954

Manuale Typographicum par Hermann Zapf, édité à 1000 exemplaires en 1954. 

Full set of page images Here.

Masters of Bamboo

Here is a case study describing how Tom Christensen created a museum exhibition catalogue in four weeks. The exhibition was Masters of Bamboo at the Asian Art museum of San Francisco. 

Below is a collection of images from the study.

The book is here and an example is below;

Zapf's Proofs for Optima

Here is a link to Alphabet Stories. A Chronicle of Technical Developments [2nd edition] by Hermann Zapf.

And here is an image from the book showing one of Zapf's annotated proofs of Optima. 

The abacus in history

Here is a thorough history of the abacus (Roman, Chinese and Japanese) and below a beautiful illustrated page of the abacus from p.819 of Opera historica et philologica, 1682, by Marcus Welser.

The Principle of "limited sloppiness"

The Principle of "limited sloppiness": If you are too sloppy, then you never get reproducible results, and then you never can draw any conclusions. But if you are just a little sloppy, then when you see something startling you….nail it down.

Max Delbrück (1906-1981)

Cited in The road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, science, and scientists.  By István Hargittai p 92.

Atoms

Jean Perrin

"In the first years of the 20th century the theory of Brownian motion and experiments on electronic charge, radioactivity, and black-body radiation made the atomic nature of matter an increasingly persuasive hypothesis. Jean Perrin's experiments on Brownian motion and particle diffusion provided a confirmation of Einstein's theory, which depended on the molecular-kinetic view of matter. Perrin gathered the available information into his 1913 book Les Atomes. This masterpiece eliminated all objection to atomicity. Its message reverberates to the core of modern chemistry, physics, and biology. This work brings together sixteen different ways of determining Avogadro's number. There is no comparable book in science. Perrin received the 1926 Nobel prize in physics."

Blurb from OxBow Press edition

The following image is the famous set of data included in Perrins paper of 1909 and his book.

A 10-Year-Long Art History Course

Here is a really interesting New York Times write up on Vincent Desiderio's work Cockaigne.

the most ingenious book that I ever read in my life...

Robert Hooke (1635-1703 ) is an under appreciated English polymath.

Here is his complete and even now mindblowing book Micrographia (Micrographia: or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses : with observations and inquiries thereupon - 1667).

An example of one of his drawings is shown below;

Several young lads of Montignac...

A Remarkable Painted Cave on the Estate of Lescaux (Montignac, Dordogne)

Nature 147, 12-13 (04 January 1941)

Abbe HENRI BREUIL

Abstract

In mid-September 1940, several young lads of Montignac,  MM. Ravitat, Marsal, Quacroy, Cuancas, and Estracgil, encouraged by a retired schoolmaster of the town, M. Laval, to explore underground passages in the neighbourhood, cleared out a shaft leading vertically from a plateau to the east of the town. This shaft had been filled up to prevent cattle falling in and only a narrow passage led to the bottom, ending in a hollow into which the young explorers slid after having enlarged it. Descending a slope of fallen boulders, they discovered that some of those fallen from the vault of the first hall were decorated with magnificent frescoes which continued down a narrow alley leading out of it. M. Estracgil made several sketches of these, which he showed to M. Laval, who was at first sceptical about them. Whereupon M. Maurice Thaon, a good sportsman and draughtsman, whom I had known since his childhood, and to whom, a few days earlier, I had shown the painted caves of Font-de-Gaume and La Mouthe, at Les Eyzies, was taken to the cave by the youthful discoverers, and brought careful drawings and some tracings to me.

Discoverers Jacques Marsal and Marcel Ravidat with Abbe Breuil and teacher Mr. Laval at the entrance of the cave

Illustrated London News 1919 - Eddington Experiment

The original caption for the graphical explanation of the experiment read as follows: The results obtained by the British expeditions to observe the total eclipse of the sun last May verified Professor Einstein's theory that light is subject to gravitation. Writing in our issue of November 15 [1919], Dr. A.C. Crommelin, one of the British observers, said: "The eclipse was specially favourable for the purpose, there being no fewer than twelve fairly bright stars near the limb of the sun. The process of observation consisted in taking photographs of these stars during totality, and comparing them with other plates of the same region taken when the sun was not in the neighbourhood. Then if the starlight is bent by the sun's attraction, the stars on the eclipse plates would seem to be pushed outward compared with those on the other plates…. The second Sobral camera and the one used at Principe agree in supporting Einstein's theory…. It is of profound philosophical interest. Straight lines in Einstein’s space cannot exist; they are parts of gigantic curves." From the Illustrated London News of November 22, 1919.

Edward Tufte tribute to 1919 Dwiggins graph

Further to my previous post on the Dwiggins graph. Here is ET's response from his site and the page he refers to.

"Note added by ET, August 4, 2010: Back in 1982 the Dwiggins cartoon-graph inspired my redesign of a misleading graph by the National Science Foundation. The NSF original suggested that the United States had encountered a big downturn in Nobel Prizes. My corrected, updated design revealed in fact a US Nobel prize boom that broke right out of the grid, Dwiggin-like. From ET, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, page 60:"

The percentage of excellence in books...

1919 - Extracts from an Investigation into the Physical Properties of Books as They Are At Present Published. The Society of Calligraphers, Boston. 

This is a small pamphlet that was designed and authored by the graphic designer W.A. Dwiggins  and his cousin L.B. Sigfried. It pilloried the format of books and his concern for the poor methods of printing trade books in the US at that time. 

The book was published by the imaginary Society of Calligraphers and the stinging investigation was a hoax cooked up by Dwiggins - nevertheless it did have an effect on publishing in the US following its wide distribution. 

The graph by Dwiggins shows the reduction in book quality since 1910.